Thursday, June 02, 2005

Let There Be Life

Forget artificial intelligence. How about artificial life instead?

Example


Steven Benner, a biologist from the University of Florida, is a man fundamentalists of many stripes aren't going to like. For if he's right, they'll have to close shop. Benner's one of the leaders in the field of synthetic biology. He's seeking to build artificial life, or as he puts it, "artificial biochemical systems that reproduce the complex behavior of living systems, including their genetics, inheritance, and evolution."
He's had some remarkable success. In February 2004, Benner reported in the Nucleic Acids Research journal that his team produced a system that "for the first time can mimic the natural evolutionary process living organisms undergo." Benner reported that his team "showed that an artificially created DNA-like molecule containing six gene-building nucleotides - instead of the four found in natural DNA - could support the molecular 'photocopying' operation known as polymerase chain reaction. The artificial DNA-like molecule directed the synthesis of copies of itself and then copies of the copies, mimicking the natural process of evolution as it was first outlined by Charles Darwin." (Of course, one of the evolutionary prerequisites is the ability of the evolving system to make mistakes, some of which might be beneficial. Benner's report did not address that issue.)
Here's a summary of Benner's work that will be coming down the pike:

"The ultimate goal of a program in synthetic biology is to develop chemical systems capable of self-reproduction and Darwinian-like evolution. Such systems will support a "bottom up" exploration of the chemistry behind life, telling us how catalysts and pathways work, how they are regulated, and how they contribute to overall function in natural systems. From a chemical perspective, this work will also show how chemical reactivity is distributed in "structure space", an understanding key to combinatorial chemistry and the origin of life. Work is ongoing to:

* Chemically synthesize a larger repertoire of artificial genetic components.
* Develop DNA polymerases that better handle artificial genetic systems.
* Incorporate artificial genetic systems into artificial evolution experiments.
* Develop quantitative models for chemical evolution in artificial environments.
* Generate artificial chemical systems capable of Darwinian evolution.
* Improve diagnostics, detection, and genotyping systems for practical application."

Clearly, Benner is a man to watch. Here's more details on the work of Benner Group.

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